What is the דין?

There are three basic categories of דין:

1. אסור vs. מותר (Is the act allowed or disallowed?)/Forbidden vs. Permitted

2. חייב vs. פטור/Obligated vs. Exempted

   1. Is this (pre-) act required or not required? e.g.eating matza on Pesach; e.g. returning a lost object where there is a distinction between a "regular" person(who is obligated) vs. an elderly sage (זקן ואינו לפי כבודו  who is exempted)

   2. Is there a required (or optional) halachic activity as a consequence of the (preceding) act (that was done in the case we are studying? e.g. galut for rock throwing which unintentionally killed?

3. מוכשר vs. פסול

   1. (Is the outcome of my act valid or invalid?)/Approved (for some halakhic purpose) vs. Rejected or  Deficient

   2. This creates a halachik reality which will be relevant to a subsequent act to which we would adjudicate as מותר / אסור / חייב / פטור

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